Troposphere: 0 to 12 km (0 to 7 miles):
- It is the layer where most of Earth's weather takes place.
- Most conventional aviation activity takes place in the troposphere, and it is the only layer that can be accessed by propeller-driven aircraft.
- The temperature usually declines with increasing altitude in the troposphere.
- The troposphere contains roughly 80% of the mass of Earth's atmosphere. Fifty percent of the total mass of the atmosphere is located in the lower 5.6 km (18,000 ft) of the troposphere.
- The troposphere is denser than the other layers because a larger atmospheric weight sits on top of the troposphere making it very compressed.
- It is primarily composed of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%) with only small concentrations of other trace gases.
- Nearly all water vapor or moisture is found in the troposphere.
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